Navigating Prostate CancerA Comprehensive Guide

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, with thousands of new cases diagnosed each year in Canada. Understanding the nuances of prostate cancer, its risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and life after diagnosis is crucial for those affected by this condition.

Throughout this article, you will also find insight from Dina Linardos, CareChart and Carepath’s Director of Operations, on how Carepath can assist throughout a Prostate cancer journey.

Understanding Prostate Cancer

“Prostate cancer develops in the prostate gland, a small, walnut-sized organ that produces seminal fluid in men,” explains Linardos, “The cancer typically starts as a slow-growing tumor and may remain confined to the prostate for an extended period. However, it can also be aggressive, spreading to other parts of the body.”

Risk Factors

Several risk factors are associated with an increased likelihood of developing prostate cancer. While some factors are beyond one’s control, such as age and family history, others can be influenced:

  • Age: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in men over 50.
  • Family History: Men with a family history of prostate cancer are at a higher risk. If a close relative has had the disease, the risk increases significantly.
  • Diet: A diet high in saturated fats and low in fruits and vegetables may contribute to a higher risk.
  • Lifestyle: Smoking and obesity have been linked to a slightly increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer.

Signs and Symptoms

Prostate cancer can be asymptomatic in its early stages, making regular check-ups and screenings crucial. However, as the cancer progresses, some common signs and symptoms may manifest, including:

  • Frequent urination, especially at night.
  • Difficulty starting and stopping urination.
  • Weak or interrupted urine flow.
  • Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area or lower back.
  • Blood in urine or semen.
  • Erectile dysfunction.

Diagnosing Prostate Cancer

Early detection and diagnosis are key to effective treatment. The following diagnostic methods are used to confirm prostate cancer:

  1. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This blood test measures PSA levels, which can indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
  2. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A physical examination to check for abnormalities in the prostate.
  3. Biopsy: If suspicious findings are detected, a tissue sample is collected from the prostate for further analysis.

According to Linardos, “The Carepath Cancer Assistance Program is designed to assist you during the most crucial part of the diagnosis phase, preparing you for next steps, questions to ask at the medical appointments, and explanation of test results. The specialized Oncology Nurse provides guidance, assistance, and support from early diagnosis, during active treatment, and beyond.”

Treating Prostate Cancer

The choice of treatment for prostate cancer depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient’s overall health, and personal preferences. Common treatment options include:

  • Active Surveillance: Suitable for low-risk, slow-growing cancers, where patients are monitored closely without immediate treatment.
  • Surgery: Surgical removal of the prostate (radical prostatectomy) is often recommended for early-stage, localized cancers.
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy X-rays are used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
  • Hormone Therapy: This treatment reduces testosterone levels, which can slow the growth of the cancer.
  • Chemotherapy: Used for advanced cases of prostate cancer when it has spread to other parts of the body.
  • Immunotherapy: A newer treatment option that uses the body’s immune system to fight cancer.

Linardos also adds, “The Carepath Oncology Nurse will review treatment plan options with the Medical Advisory Board and ensure the treatment options are in line with national standards of care. In addition, the nurse provides support and guidance with side effect management throughout the treatment phase. during the active surveillance period the Carepath nurse remains in contact to ensure any new questions and concerns are answered promptly.”

 

Life After Prostate Cancer

Surviving prostate cancer often brings about changes in one’s life. It’s essential to maintain regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers to monitor for any recurrence or complications. Many men experience side effects like incontinence or erectile dysfunction, but these can often be managed with support and treatment. Support groups, counseling, and lifestyle adjustments can help patients adapt to life after prostate cancer.

Active surveillance may be offered to patients who meet certain criteria:

  • The cancer is small and confined to the prostate.
  • The cancer is not causing any symptoms.
  • The cancer is expected to grow slowly (Grade Group 1 or 2).
  • The cancer is classified as very low or low risk.
  • The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is less than 10 ng/mL.
  • The patient prefers not to have immediate treatment in order to avoid treatment-related side effects and maintain their current quality of life.

During active surveillance, regular tests will be conducted every 3 to 6 months to monitor the cancer. These tests may include the PSA test, a physical exam (including a digital rectal exam), a prostate biopsy, and imaging scans if necessary. Carepath can assist with active surveillance, a treatment option for prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is a significant health concern for Canadian men, but with early detection and appropriate treatment, it is possible to overcome this challenge and lead a fulfilling life.

Male patient having consultation with doctor or psychiatrist